To solve the surveillance tasks of today, there is a great variety of sensor technologies, passive and active, electromagnetic and acoustic. Many of these possess unique advantages, which make them the preferred technology in a specialised situation. Most importantly, no single sensor technology could be claimed to be universally best, superseding every other.
Airborne ground surveillance is very much more difficult to conduct effectively than surveillance of the air. The difference is the transparency and relative simplicity of the airspace scene. On the ground there is a bewildering complexity of targets mixed with structures that cause false alarms and structures that partially obscure the scene from observation from air.
Very High Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radars (VHF SARs) have a unique capability for detection of ground targets. Two features are particularly important. Firstly, a detection capability also in situation of dense forest cover, and secondly, a fully automated detection scheme for detection of concealed and open deployments, enabling targets to be found also in very large search areas (greater than 1000 sq km) . As regards foliage penetration capability, no other sensor technologies are even close to the performance of VHF SARs.
The CARABAS system is based on SAR technology and uses the VHF band, combining foliage penetration, wide area surveillance and automatic target detection. CARABAS locates and pinpoints everything down to the size of a vehicle, irrespective of weather, daylight and camouflage.
CARABAS features unique Coherent Change Detection. Most of the detected ground objects are fixed or stationary. When a significant event occurs, for instance a vehicle entering the forest, a Change Detection Scheme, comparing the new image to an older image, will pick up the change. The scheme surveys large ground areas and will pinpoint a vehicle below the trees, or register barbed wire, temporary cables and tree clearings that signal military activities. CARABAS will also observe a fully camouflaged deployment of military units in open terrain.

 

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